Dunn's Post-Hoc Test

A complete guide to Dunn's Post-Hoc Test-formula, hypotheses, assumptions, hand-worked numerical examples, p-value adjustment methods, and a scikit-posthocs Python walkthrough after a significant Kruskal-Wallis Test.

Suchibrata Patra

July 2026  ·  16 min read

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Article July 2026

Kruskal-Wallis Test

A complete guide to the Kruskal-Wallis Test-formula, hypotheses, assumptions, hand-worked numerical examples, effect size, Dunn's post-hoc test, and a scipy.stats.kruskal Python walkthrough.

Suchibrata Patra

Diagram showing three or more independent groups of subjects with their combined observations ranked together, illustrating how the Kruskal-Wallis Test detects systematic differences across independent groups without assuming normality.
Article July 2026

Tukey's HSD Test

A complete guide to Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) Test-formula, hypotheses, assumptions, hand-worked numerical examples, confidence intervals, and a statsmodels pairwise_tukeyhsd Python walkthrough.

Suchibrata Patra

Diagram showing group means for three or more independent groups plotted on a number line with a Tukey HSD bar, illustrating how Tukey's Honest Significant Difference Test identifies which specific pairs of groups differ after a significant one-way ANOVA.
Article July 2026

Nemenyi Post-Hoc Test

A complete guide to the Nemenyi Post-Hoc Test-formula, hypotheses, assumptions, hand-worked numerical examples, critical difference diagrams, and a scikit-posthocs Python walkthrough after a significant Friedman Test.

Suchibrata Patra

Diagram showing average ranks for three or more related conditions plotted on a number line with a critical-difference bar, illustrating how the Nemenyi Post-Hoc Test identifies which specific pairs of conditions differ after a significant Friedman Test.
Article July 2026

Friedman Test

A complete guide to the Friedman Test-formula, hypotheses, assumptions, hand-worked numerical examples, effect size, Nemenyi post-hoc comparisons, and a scipy.stats.friedmanchisquare Python walkthrough.

Suchibrata Patra

Diagram showing the same subjects measured under three or more related conditions, with scores ranked within each subject row, illustrating how the Friedman Test detects systematic differences across repeated measurements without assuming normality.
Article July 2026

Mann-Whitney U Test

A complete guide to the Mann-Whitney U Test (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test)-formula, hypotheses, assumptions, hand-worked numerical examples, effect size, and a scipy.stats.mannwhitneyu Python walkthrough.

Suchibrata Patra

Diagram showing two separate unrelated groups of subjects with their combined observations ranked together, illustrating the rank-sum comparison analyzed by a Mann-Whitney U Test.
Article July 2026

Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test

A complete guide to the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test-formula, hypotheses, assumptions, hand-worked numerical examples, effect size, and a scipy.stats.wilcoxon Python walkthrough.

Suchibrata Patra

Diagram showing paired before-and-after measurements ranked by absolute difference and split by sign, illustrating how the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test summarizes within-subject change without assuming normality.
Article July 2026

Independent Samples t-test

A complete guide to the independent samples t-test (two-sample t-test)-formula, hypotheses, assumptions, hand-worked numerical examples, effect size, Welch's correction, and a scipy.stats.ttest_ind Python walkthrough.

Suchibrata Patra

Diagram showing two separate unrelated groups of subjects with distinct distributions, illustrating the between-group comparison analyzed by an independent samples t-test.
Article July 2026

Paired t-test

A complete guide to the paired t-test (dependent t-test)-formula, hypotheses, assumptions, hand-worked numerical examples, effect size, and a scipy.stats.ttest_rel Python walkthrough.

Suchibrata Patra

Diagram showing paired before-and-after measurements for the same subjects connected by lines, illustrating the within-subject differences analyzed by a paired t-test.